Single-phase equipotential self-powered low-cost easy-to-install recloser

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a single-phase, equipotential, self-powered recloser with a load life of more than 20 years, for installing in 15 KV medium-voltage networks, directly on Matthews-type fuse bases, using hooksticks, and without requiring the interruption of the energy supply. Said recloser uses a bistable electromagnetic actuator that controls a vacuum bulb for interrupting the current in the event of a fault. It stores energy in ultracapacitor banks which receive the first charge by means of an induction coil.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

This invention relates to a single-phase recloser, in particular to asingle-phase, equipotential, self-powered recloser for installation in15 KV medium voltage networks, directly in Matheus fuse bases, with theuse of maneuvering rods, without the need to interrupt the power supply.

BACKGROUND

The power of a single-phase recloser is provided by the current thatcirculates through the network, through the use of a current transformerand/or photovoltaic cells, its not being necessary to use a mediumtransformer for low voltage. The energy drawn from these elements isstored in two ultracapacitor banks, one for the electronics and one forpowering the bistable electromagnetic actuator, thus eliminating theneed for preventive and corrective maintenance regarding the use ofbatteries. It uses a vacuum ampoule to perform the disconnection andreconnection function. The vacuum ampoule is driven by a light low-costbistable electromagnetic actuator as described in patent BR10 2016004841-9, “BISTABLE, CLOSED FIELD, SIMPLE, LIGHT, LOW-COSTELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR”, from the same inventor as this patent. Forits operation during periods of maintenance, it uses, on one of itssides, bistable maneuvering rods. The bistable movements of these rodswere achieved with the use of magnetic forces supplied by rare earthmagnets. One of the rods transfers its external movement to an internalmovement, which, for safety reasons, mechanically locks the bistableelectromagnetic actuator. This transfer of motion also uses magneticforces from rare earth magnets. For visual signaling of the status, atricolor LED system was used with a mechanical flag, directly connectedto the axis of the bistable electromagnetic actuator, using a magneticconnecting rod. The first charge of the ultracapacitors is performed byan induction charger, thus avoiding the use of mechanical connectors.The use of magnetic forces in the maneuvering rods and in the connectionof the status flag, and the first induction charging of theultracapacitors, allow for an airtight encapsulation to be easilyachieved (IP67). In case of a “permanent fault”, the recloser has itselectronics powered by a specific bank of ultracapacitors and the energyexpended is replaced by a set of photovoltaic minicells, capable ofrecharging the ultracapacitors, even on cloudy days. In addition toreplenishing the energy of the electronics ultracapacitors, expendedduring the “permanent fault”, the photovoltaic minicells also replenishthe energy of the ultracapacitor bank of the bistable electromagneticactuator, expended by the leakage current of these ultracapacitors. Thispower system allows the recloser to remain in a state of “permanentfault” the entire time. After the problem of the “permanent fault” isresolved, all that is required is a radio command or operation viamaneuvering rods, for the recloser to act, closing the contacts of thevacuum ampoule and reestablishing normal operations.

The single-phase reclosers of the state of the art are expensive, heavy,and difficult to install and maintain. They were based on traditionalthree-phase reclosers, and on the same technical solutions present inthis equipment.

There are several limitations for the use of single-phase reclosers inrural networks. However, all the points emphasized here applyidentically to urban single-phase networks. We can divide the state ofthe art of single-phase reclosers into two main strands. Those that areonly a single-phase reproduction of three-phase solutions of theirmanufacturers, and a second group, of more recent application,represented by equipment that has an installation configuration similarto the product of this patent, but with very limited functions arisingfrom technical issues that will be described here.

In general, the monopolar reclosers of the first group require auxiliaryphysical infrastructure for their installation in the electricalcircuits. This infrastructure is usually composed of a metal support,by-pass switches inserted upstream and downstream of the equipment, anda third short circuit switch, to enable the maintenance of the equipmentwithout disconnection from the electricity grid. In addition, this groupof equipment is powered by low voltage, requiring step-down transformersand an earth at each installation point. Because they are earthed, thereclosers of this first group need line protectors, the so-called “surgearresters” that play an important role in the protection of electroniccircuits, when atmospheric discharges occur in the electrical conductorsof energy networks. However, they have a certain capacity to absorbelectrical surges which, when exceeded, end up affecting the verycircuits they should protect.

The power supply system of this first group of equipment follows thetraditional line, where low voltage power sources are associated with aset of batteries for power support, when there is a power fault in theprimary medium voltage circuit. In most cases, the reclosers of thisgroup are composed of a medium voltage interruption pole and an externalcontrol box containing electronics and a power system.

The drawbacks of this product configuration are the same as those foundin the tripolar reclosers. Because they need large-scale infrastructurefor their installation, in addition to the high costs for each pointwhere is desired to insert the electricity network, there is a need forprior positioning studies for the installation to take place at the bestpoints from the point of view of the circulating power flows. However,the electrical network is changeable, having constant insertions andwithdrawals of charges, as well as expansions of its electricalcircuits, which greatly modifies its electrical characteristics,disqualifying in many cases the previously stated points.

Another drawback present in this group of products of the state of theart is the need for batteries to maintain power during the interruptionof the primary network current. Batteries are elements that requireconstant maintenance and can present problems that are difficult topredict. The absence of power supplied by the batteries can make itimpossible to start a recloser exactly when the equipment is needed,preventing its remote control and requiring the physical presence of anelectrician for its opening.

The increased dimensions, and the need to install two devices for asingle function (control+power switch) also represents a drawback to theadoption of this type of solution for the automation of single-phasenetworks which are, in general, of secondary importance to the system.All these aspects are further reinforced by the susceptibility to highvoltage surges, resulting from electrical discharges in medium voltagenetworks, which end up permanently damaging the equipment, causing heavydamage to the energy distributors.

In a second group of products, we have what are conventionally calledfuse protectors. These products have a physical layout similar to theproduct described in this patent, allowing, in some cases, for theirinstallation in a “Matheus” type fuse base support. However, theseproducts have numerous limitations deriving from their constructiveprinciple and a lack of electromechanical and electronic systems thatsupport their operation, when the currents of the medium voltage primarycircuits are absent.

The installation of the equipment of the second group can be undertaken,both in a fuse base, and serially with the primary network. For thefirst assembly, the products of the state of the art require the use ofa special, non-market standard fuse base. Thus, with each desiredinstallation, the teams must replace the existing fuse base with aspecific one, which prevents greater mobility of installation of theproduct, in addition to requiring greater effort in the installation ofthe equipment, with consequent additional costs.

Another limiting factor of this second group is its lack of efficientenergy management and storage systems. Thus, such products usuallyperform only a predefined sequence of reclosures and, when they need togo to lockout, which is to say, to open the primary circuit permanently,they end up physically disconnecting from the electrical network,literally “falling” off the fuse base, in a similar manner to aconventional fuse. This implies that, when there is a “permanent fault”,there will always be a need to send an electrician to the installationsite of the equipment, for its reconnection to the electrical network,through the use of a conventional maneuvering rod, preventing anyremote-control operation of the equipment. When we consider ruralcircuits of tens of kilometers, this is an impediment to using thissolution on a large scale. These same products of the state of the art,due to the limitations of their power systems, do not allow for remotecommunication with radio systems, because they do not possess storedenergy for their operations.

In this same group of products there are market versions that areinstalled serially with conventional fuses and which, in situationsanalogous to those described above, remain in lockout, keeping the shortcircuit active, until the burning of the downstream fuse. These productsoperate as a “fuse saver”, preventing their burning in transient eventsbut triggering their burning in the case of permanent faults, resultingin the same consequences as the products previously described.

This second group of products did not address technical issuesconcerning the storage and efficient use of energy, which caused thesolutions created to have numerous limitations on their use and whichcannot be described as reclosers in the traditional sense of theirfunctionalities which are: protecting electrical circuits;reestablishing their operation during transient faults, automaticallyand autonomously, and enabling their remote recomposition when“permanent faults” occur. Concerning this latter requirement, which isessential for use in new smart grids, the use of such products istotally inappropriate.

SUMMARY

The product described in this patent has all the characteristicsnecessary to define it functionally as a complete recloser: allowing forits remote control, at the time of transient faults; not havingbatteries that require periodic maintenance; having most of itsmechanical parts injected in polymer at high pressure, making it verylight and easy to install; allowing for its use in any market fuse base;and enabling its operation even in the absence of power supplied by theprimary network, indefinitely. These are the main factors thatcharacterize the originality of the present solution and this patent.

The recloser described in this patent hereby solves the problemsencountered in the state of the art: it is easy to install, directly in“Matheus” type fuse bases, through the use of a maneuvering rod andwithout the need to interrupt the network; its circuits are powered by acurrent transformer with a nanocrystalline core, and/or by a set ofphotovoltaic cells, distributed in order to take advantage of solarenergy, from sunrise to sunset; to store energy, it uses ultracapacitorbanks, charged only with 75% of their nominal voltage, enabling theuseful life of these ultracapacitors to be greater than 20 years,avoiding the high cost of maintenance associated with the use ofbatteries; it uses magnetic forces generated by rare earth magnets forthe transfer of movements of the maneuvering rods from the outside tothe inside, enabling an airtight sealing, (IP67); to significantlyincrease the average time between faults (MTBF) of the electronics, noelectrolytic capacitators were used, but only ultracapacitors andceramic capacitators; its lockout only occurs through the opening of thevacuum ampoule, it does not burn any fuse serially or turn off from thebase; due to the use of low consumption electronic components andphotovoltaic cells, it can remain in permanent lockout, its not beingnecessary to remove it from the base; the use of a lightweight,high-yield nanocrystalline core current transformer, combined with lowenergy consumption, allows for its operation at very low currents, below1 Ampere; it uses a light, small, low consumption bistableelectromagnetic actuator, as described in patent BR 10 2016 004841-9; ituses, for the first charge of the ultracapacitor banks, energy transferby induction, avoiding the use of connectors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description ofembodiments of the invention and are provided solely for illustration ofthe embodiments and not limitation thereof.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a “Matheus” type fuse base accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the same Matheus fuse base (1) fromFIG. 1, along with a vacuum ampoule (2) connected to a flexible cord 3() which in tern is connected to a output terminal (4), according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 3 to 14 show perspective view of the assembly of a recloseraccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of the position of the maneuvering rods(17) (18), in relation to the set of magnets, according to an embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of the whole set of magnets and themaneuvering rods (17) (18), installed in the bottle (21), according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of the stainless-steel plate (22) whichfixed to the bottle (21) according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of the principle of magnetic motiontransfer that prevents mechanical parts, in movement, from passingthrough the wall of the bottle (21), according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of the position of the maneuvering rod(17) in the mechanical locking system according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of two cylindrical magnets (20 a) (20b), which will be mounted on the signal flag (20), according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of the magnets (20 a) (20 b),attracting the connecting rod (19), through the ferromagnetic bar (19th), according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of the flag (20), with the magnets (20a) (20 b), mounted and the rotation axes (20 c) (20 d), according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of the flag (20) mounted on thetransparent bottom cover (24), using the forks (24 a) (24 b), accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 24 shows a perspective view of the magnetic connecting rod (19),fixed to the axis (7 a) of the bistable electromagnetic actuator (7),using the nuts (19 b) (19 c), according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 25 shows a perspective view of the assembly, in the bottle (21), ofthe bistable rods (17) (18), the lock (16), and the flag (20), accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of the transparent bottom cover (24),with the flag (20) mounted on the forks (24 a) (24 b), according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 27 through 34 show perspective views of the assembly of therecloser with rendered drawings to facilitate comprehension according toan embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 35 shows a block diagram which provides a better view of therecloser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

To facilitate the understanding of this patent, an example of a form ofapplication will be presented accompanied by detailed figures with theirdescriptions.

FIG. 1 shows a “Matheus” type fuse base (1). In this figure we can see:the connection points (1 a) (1 b), where the recloser will be fitted;the points of connection with the electrical network (1 c) (1 d) andfinally the mechanical support (1 e).

FIG. 2 shows the same Matheus fuse base (1), from FIG. 1, where thebasic components of a recloser are present: the vacuum ampoule (2), withits fixed (2 a), and mobile (2 b) terminals; a conductive bar (2 c) wasconnected to the mobile terminal (2 b), which will receive, in itssurroundings, the current, power and measurement transformers; theconductive bar (2 c) is connected to a flexible cord (3), which in turnis connected to the output terminal (4). The current to be monitoredcirculates between the terminals (2 a) (4), passing through the contactsof the vacuum ampoule (2), mobile terminal (2 b), conductive bar (2 c)and flexible cord (3).

FIGS. 3 to 14 show the assembly of a recloser, with the principles ofthis patent. For ease of understanding, the Matheus fuse base (1) wasdeleted from these figures.

FIG. 3 shows the vacuum ampoule (2), with its fixed side connected tothe output terminal (2 a), and the movable side connected to theconductive bar (2 c). The conductive bar (2 c) is connected to theflexible cord (3) which, in turn, is connected to the output terminal(4). The conductive bar (2 c) passes through the current, power (5), andmeasuring transformers (6).

FIG. 4 shows the inclusion of a bistable electromagnetic actuator (7),as described in patent BR 10 2016 004841-9, “BISTABLE CLOSED FIELD,SIMPLE, LIGHT, LOW-COST ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR”, in the assembly shownin FIG. 3. The bistable electromagnetic actuator (7) presses, through aninternal spring, the contacts of the ampoule (2), with a constant force,when it is in the “closed circuit” position. The instant the centralprocessor detects a fault (short circuit), through the measuring currenttransformer (6), and in accordance with the protection curves predefinedin it, it sends a command to the control drivers of the bistableelectromagnetic actuator and causes the actuator to move and open thecontacts of the ampoule (2) interrupting the circuit. After apre-programmed time, the CPU sends a command to the bistableelectromagnetic actuator (7) to again close the contacts of the vacuumampoule (2), thus closing the circuit. The current is measured again andif the fault persists the vacuum ampoule (2) will again be opened. Thesecycles will be repeated a number of pre-programmed times and if thefault persists, the vacuum ampoule (2) will remain open until anexternal command, via radio and/or maneuvering rods, is received by theCPU.

FIG. 5 shows the inclusion of the ultracapacitor assemblies and thedrivers of the bistable electromagnetic actuator coils, in the assemblyshown in FIG. 4: the printed circuit board (8), drilled with thediameter of the bistable electromagnetic actuator (7), and fixed to it,houses 8 ultracapacitors (8 a), of 1OOF×2. 7V each, connected in acombination of 4 parallels serially with 4 more parallels, charged with4V, which represents 75% of the nominal voltage, extending the usefullife of these ultracapacitors by more than 20 years; the printed circuitboard (9), drilled with the diameter of the bistable electromagneticactuator, fixed to the board (8), by means of spacers, (not shown),houses 8 ultracapacitors (9 a), of 310F×2.7V each, connected seriallyand charged with 16V, which represents 75% of the nominal voltage,extending the service life of these ultracapacitors by more than 20years; the copper bars (9 b) (9 c) form the connection of the 16V of theboard (9), to the two driver boards of the bistable electromagneticactuator coils (10) (11); the connectors (8 b) (10 a) (11 a), are,respectively, of the printed circuit boards (8) (10) (11).

FIG. 6 shows the printed circuit boards (12) (13). The printed circuitboard (12): connects all the printed circuit boards through theconnectors (10 a) (11 a) (8 b) (13 a); it connects the current, power(5) and measurement transformers (6); it contains the positioningsensors of the maneuvering rods, (Hall effect); it contains the CPU andalso the radio. The printed circuit board (13): contains all the powersources; it contains the positioning sensors of the bistableelectromagnetic actuator (7), (Hall effect); it contains the “LED”tricolor signaling system; and it contains the coil of the inductionsource and the photovoltaic cells.

FIG. 7 shows the induction coil (14), with its ferrite core (14 a) andits 4 fixing rods (14 b).

FIG. 8 shows the 4 photovoltaic cells (15 a) (15 b) (15 c) (15 d),strategically distributed to take advantage of the sun from dawn untildusk.

FIG. 9 shows the mechanical locking system (16) of the bistableelectromagnetic actuator. The three magnets (16 a) (16 b) (16 c) areresponsible for transferring the linear movement of one of the externalrods to the internal mechanical lock (16). This system will be explainedbelow.

FIG. 10 shows the inclusion of the maneuvering rods, left (17), andright (18). These rods each have two small magnets (not drawn), withinverted poles that stop on top of Hall effect sensors, positioned onthe printed circuit board (12). The position of the magnets allows theCPU to detect the position of each of the maneuvering rods (17) (18).The maneuvering rod on the left (17) also embeds the motion transfermagnets (16 b) (16 c). This figure, 10, also shows the inclusion of aconnecting rod (19), attached to the axis of the bistableelectromagnetic actuator (7), which transfers the linear movement fromthis bistable electromagnetic actuator (7) to the circular motion flag(20). The coupling between the circular motion flag (20) and theconnecting rod (19) is magnetic and will be detailed below.

FIG. 11 shows the entire recloser mounted on a polymeric bottle (21),injected at high pressure, with its insulators (21 a). The flag (20),although shown in the figure, is not mounted with the rest of theassembly. It is mounted on the transparent bottom cover and ismechanically connected with the axis (7 a) of the bistableelectromagnetic actuator (7) through the magnetic connecting rod (19).We can also see in this figure the ring (23), for the work with themaneuvering rod, as well as the stainless-steel plate (22), fixed on theside of the bottle (21), which fixes and limits the movements of themaneuvering rods (17) (18).

FIG. 12 shows the closing of the recloser with a transparent bottomcover (24). This cover allows for the passage of sunlight to thephotovoltaic cells (15 a) (15 b) (15 c) (15 d), as well as the displayof the position of the signal flag (20), and the “led” tricolorsignaling system.

FIG. 13 shows the complete recloser mounted on the Matheus fuse base.

FIG. 14 shows the magnetic principle used to make the maneuvering rods(17) (18) bistable, without the need for springs and complex mechanics.The magnets (17 a) (17 b) are embedded in the maneuvering rod (17), andthe magnets (18 a) (18 b), are embedded in the maneuvering rod (18). Thepolarities of the magnets (21 b) (21 c) (21 d) (21 h) (21 i) (21 j)embedded in the bottle (21), are equal to those of the magnets (17 a)(17 b) (18 a) (18 b) embedded in the maneuvering rods (17) (18). Thesepolarities cause the maneuvering rods (17) (18) to be attracted, eitherto the end of the course at the top part or to the end of course at thebottom part. To prevent the maneuvering rods (17) (18), from stopping inthe middle of the course, the magnets (21 e) (21 f) (21 g), which havetheir polarities inverted in relation to the rod magnets, were insertedinto the bottle (21 e) (21 f) (21 g), whose polarities are inverted inrelation to the magnets of the maneuvering rods (17) (18), which is tosay, when the maneuvering rods (17) (18), pass through the center of thecourse, they are repelled upwards of downwards.

FIG. 15 shows the position of the maneuvering rods (17) (18), inrelation to the set of magnets.

FIG. 16 shows the whole set of magnets magnets and the maneuvering rods(17) (18), installed in the bottle (21).

FIG. 17 shows the stainless-steel plate (22) which fixed to the bottle(21), causes the closing of the whole set of bistable maneuvering rods(17) (18). We can observe that the stainless-steel plate (22), inaddition to closing the set of bistable rods (17) (18), also limits thecourse of these rods.

FIG. 18 shows the principle of magnetic motion transfer that preventsmechanical parts, in movement, from passing through the wall of thebottle (21). The magnets (16 b) (16 c) embedded in the maneuvering rod(17) possess inverted polarities. When the rod is turned up, the magnet(16 b) attracts the magnet (16 a) embedded in the mechanical lock (16),causing this lock to stay away from the shaft (7 a) of the bistableelectromagnetic actuator (7), allowing for the free movement of thisaxle (7 a) with its ring (7 b). When the maneuvering rod (17) is pulleddown, the magnet (16 c) is aligned with the magnet (16 a), pushing themechanical lock (16) inwards. This lock fits between the wall of thebistable electromagnetic actuator (7), and the ring (7 b) of the axis (7a), preventing the activation of the bistable electromagnetic actuator.Even if the bistable electromagnetic actuator is closed, the mechanicallock will be pressed against the ring (7 b), causing, on the opening ofthe bistable electromagnetic actuator (7), the mechanical lock (16) toimmediately press against the ring (7 b), preventing the closure of thebistable electromagnetic actuator (7).

FIG. 19 shows the position of the maneuvering rod (17) in the mechanicallocking system.

FIG. 20 shows two cylindrical magnets (20 a) (20 b), which will bemounted on the signal flag (20).

FIG. 21 shows the magnets (20 a) (20 b), attracting the connecting rod(19), through the ferromagnetic bar (19 th). The connecting rod (19)will be mounted, using the nuts (19 b) (19 c), on the axis of thebistable electromagnetic actuator.

FIG. 22 shows the flag (20), with the magnets (20 a) (20 b), mounted andthe rotation axes (20 c) (20 d).

FIG. 23 shows the flag (20) mounted on the transparent bottom cover(24), using the forks (24 a) (24 b). To improve visualization, thetransparent cover (24) has been cut away.

FIG. 24 shows the magnetic connecting rod (19), fixed to the axis (7 a)of the bistable electromagnetic actuator (7), using the nuts (19 b) (19c). When the transparent bottom cover (24) is mounted on the bottle(21), the connecting rod (19) is attracted by the magnets of the flag(20), forming the connection with axis (7 a), of the bistableelectromagnetic actuator (7). The linear movement of the axis (7 a), ofthe bistable electromagnetic actuator (7) is transferred to the flag(20), causing its circular movement around the axes (20 c) (20 d). Theflag (20), which possesses the colors, green and red, on each half, hasthe function of indicating, through the transparent bottom cover (24),the state of the recloser, whether closed or open.

FIG. 25 shows the assembly, in the bottle (21), of the bistable rods(17) (18), the lock (16), and the flag (20). The flag (20) is shown inthis figure only to facilitate comprehension, but it is mounted on thetransparent bottom cover (24).

FIG. 26 shows the transparent bottom cover (24), with the flag (20)mounted on the forks (24 a) (24 b). The transparent bottom cover (24) isfixed to the bottle (21), by means of 12 screws and to ensure a perfectseal of the recloser, it has a channel (24 c), which receives an“o-ring” (not drawn).

FIGS. 27 through 34 show the assembly of the recloser with rendereddrawings to facilitate comprehension.

FIG. 35 shows a block diagram which provides a better view of therecloser: when the vacuum ampoule is closed, the current to be protectedcirculates between the terminals (I); this current passes through thecurrent, power and measurement transformers; a set of power sourcesreceives power; firstly, before the installation of the recloser, froman induction coil; after the installation of the recloser, the set ofsources receives power from the power current transformer and also fromthe photovoltaic cells; the set of sources controls the charge of a 4Vultracapacitor bank, responsible for powering all the electronics, and a16V ultracapacitor bank, responsible for powering the bistableelectromagnetic actuator; the central processor receives informationfrom the line current, generated by the measuring current transformerand filtered by a low pass filter; the CPU also receives, via the “Hall”effect sensors, the position of two maneuvering rods and the position ofthe bistable electromagnetic actuator; the CPU also controls a radio, aset of “LEDs” and the drivers of the bistable electromagnetic actuatorcoils.

While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative embodiments of theinvention, it should be noted that various changes and modificationscould be made herein without departing from the scope of the inventionas defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps and/or actionsof the method claims in accordance with the embodiments of the inventiondescribed herein need not be performed in any particular order.Furthermore, although elements of the invention may be described orclaimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation tothe singular is explicitly stated.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A SINGLE-PHASE, EQUIPOTENTIAL, LOW-COST,EASY-TO-INSTALL RECLOSER, characterized by the fact that: it uses, forits installation, Matheus-type fuse bases (1), pre-installed in thefield; it uses, for disconnection, a vacuum ampoule (2), triggered by abistable electromagnetic actuator (7); it is equipotential; it isself-powered; it stores the energy captured in ultracapacitor banks (8a) (9 a), which allows it to operate for long periods of “permanentfault”; and it transfers the mechanical movement of the cuttingmaneuvering rod (17) to the mechanical safety lock (16) of the bistableelectromagnetic actuator (7) using magnetic fields generated bymovements of the magnets (16 a) (16 b) (16 c), avoiding holes in thebottle (21) for the passage of moving parts, and allowing for its use inplaces with high levels of moisture and/or dust (IP67).
 2. TheSINGLE-PHASE, EQUIPOTENTIAL, LOW-COST, EASY-TO-INSTALL RECLOSER, inaccordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that it uses asimple, lightweight, low-cost, closed-field bistable electromagneticactuator (7).
 3. The SINGLE-PHASE, EQUIPOTENTIAL, LOW-COST,EASY-TO-INSTALL RECLOSER, in accordance with claim 1, characterized bythe fact that it uses, for energy storage, ultracapacitors (8 a) (9 a),with a useful life of more than 20 years.
 4. The SINGLE-PHASE,EQUIPOTENTIAL, LOW-COST, EASY-TO-INSTALL RECLOSER, in accordance withclaim 1, characterized by the fact that it uses, for currentmeasurement, an air-core transformer (6), (Rogowski coil).
 5. TheSINGLE-PHASE, EQUIPOTENTIAL, LOW-COST, EASY-TO-INSTALL RECLOSER, inaccordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that, in addition toultracapacitors, it uses only ceramic capacitators, achieving a veryhigh average time between faults.
 6. The SINGLE-PHASE, EQUIPOTENTIAL,LOW-COST, EASY-TO-INSTALL RECLOSER, in accordance with claim 1,characterized by the fact that it uses magnets to achieve the bistableeffect of the maneuvering rods (17) (18).
 7. The SINGLE-PHASE,EQUIPOTENTIAL, LOW-COST, EASY-TO-INSTALL RECLOSER, in accordance withclaim 1, characterized by the fact that it transfers the linear movementof the axis (7 a) of the bistable electromagnetic actuator (7) to thecircular motion flag (20) through a magnetic connecting rod (19).
 8. TheSINGLE-PHASE, EQUIPOTENTIAL, LOW-COST, EASY-TO-INSTALL RECLOSER, inaccordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that it uses, for thefirst charge of the ultracapacitor banks, (8 a) (9 a) an induction coil(14).
 9. The SINGLE-PHASE, EQUIPOTENTIAL, LOW-COST, EASY-TO-INSTALLRECLOSER, in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that itcan be used in any Matheus fuses base.
 10. A single-phase, equipotentialrecloser, comprising: a vacuum ampule, comprising: a fixed outputterminal at a first end; and a movable output terminal at a second end,opposite to the first end; a bistable electromagnetic actuatorconfigured to trigger the vacuum ampule; an ultracapacitor bankconfigured to store captured energy, wherein the fixed output terminalis configured to connect to a fuse base at a first connection terminalof the fuse base and the movable output terminal is configured toconnect to the fuse base at a second connection terminal of the fusebase.
 11. The single-phase, equipotential recloser according to claim10, further comprising an air-core transformer for current measurement.12. The single-phase, equipotential recloser according to claim 10,wherein the fuse base comprises a Matheus-type fuse base.
 13. Thesingle-phase, equipotential recloser according to claim 10, wherein themovable output terminal is connected to the second connection terminalof the fuse base by a flexible cord.
 14. The single-phase, equipotentialrecloser according to claim 13, wherein the actuator is connected to thevacuum ampule at a position below the flexible cord.
 15. Thesingle-phase, equipotential recloser according to claim 13, wherein theultracapacitor bank comprises: a first circuit board and a secondcircuit board each fixed on the actuator; a plurality of ultracapacitorshoused within each of the first circuit board and the second circuitboard.
 16. The single-phase, equipotential recloser according to claim10, wherein the actuator is a bistable electromagnetic actuatorcomprising a mechanical safety lock.
 17. The single-phase, equipotentialrecloser according to claim 16 further comprising a maneuvering rod; anda plurality of magnets configured to generate magnetic fields bymovement of the plurality of magnets, wherein mechanical movement of themaneuvering rod is transferred to the mechanical safety lock using themagnetic fields.
 18. An assembly, comprising: a fuse base, comprising: afirst connection terminal; and a second connection terminal; and asingle-phase, equipotential recloser, comprising: a vacuum ampule,comprising: a fixed output terminal at a first end; and a movable outputterminal at a second end, opposite to the first end; a bistableelectromagnetic actuator configured to trigger the vacuum ampule; anultracapacitor bank configured to store captured energy, wherein thefixed output terminal is configured to connect to the fuse base at thefirst connection terminal of the fuse base and the movable outputterminal is configured to connect to the fuse base at the secondconnection terminal of the fuse base.